Climate Change Chart of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Overview of climate changes

Temperature changes

Averaged across calendar months, monthly mean temperature shows a difference of +1.99 °C compared with the earlier reference period. This is an unweighted mean of monthly means, not a day-weighted annual average, and describes the overall monthly pattern rather than every month or daytime highs. The largest monthly increase was in March, with a difference of +4.41 °C; that identifies the strongest increase, not a uniform change across the year.

Changes in snowfall

Mean daily snowfall averaged across calendar months had a difference of -0.30 mm/day in the more recent period. This is an unweighted comparison of monthly means, not a day-weighted annual average or a monthly total. The monthly pattern included the largest decrease in October, with a difference of -1.77 mm/day, and the largest increase in September, at +0.29 mm/day. These contrasting monthly differences show why the overall mean should not be taken to describe snowfall change in every month.

Changes in rainfall

Mean daily rainfall, rather than monthly rainfall totals, had an average difference of -0.27 mm/day across calendar months in the more recent period. This unweighted mean summarizes the monthly averages and does not imply the same decrease in each month. The largest monthly decrease occurred in July, where the difference was -0.86 mm/day; this points to a particularly marked change in that month's daily mean, not a measure of the month's total rainfall.

Changes in sunshine duration

Mean daily sunshine duration averaged across calendar months had a difference of +0.07 hours/day compared with the earlier reference period. The unweighted monthly-mean comparison summarizes typical daily hours across the calendar months, rather than a day-weighted annual figure. Monthly changes were not uniform: the largest increase was in June, at +0.30 hours/day, while September had the largest decrease, with a difference of -0.17 hours/day.