Climate Change Chart of Batam, Indonesia

Overview of climate changes

Temperature changes

Averaged across calendar months, monthly mean temperature was higher by a difference of +1.33 °C in the more recent period; this unweighted mean of monthly means does not represent every month or daytime maximum temperatures. The largest monthly increase was in December, with a difference of +1.51 °C in monthly mean temperature. This identifies the strongest increase among the monthly comparisons, rather than a change shared by all months.

Changes in rainfall

Mean daily rainfall, averaged across calendar months, increased by a difference of +1.20 mm/day in the more recent period. This is an unweighted mean of the calendar-month means, not a day-weighted annual average or a monthly total, and it does not mean rainfall rose in every month. The largest monthly increase in mean daily rainfall was in May, at a difference of +3.11 mm/day. In contrast, February had the largest monthly decrease, with a difference of -1.24 mm/day. These differences show that the monthly comparisons varied in direction; the figures describe daily means, not accumulated rainfall totals.

Changes in sunshine duration

Mean daily sunshine duration, averaged across calendar months, was lower by a difference of -1.02 hours/day in the more recent period. This is an unweighted average of monthly means, so it summarizes the calendar months collectively rather than describing every month or every day. The largest monthly decrease occurred in November, where mean daily sunshine duration had a difference of -1.94 hours/day. This marks the strongest monthly reduction in the comparison, not a uniform decrease across all months.