Climate Change Chart of Rome, Italy

Overview of climate changes

Temperature changes

Monthly mean temperature was higher by an average difference of +1.20 °C across calendar months in the more recent period; this is an unweighted mean of monthly means, not a day-weighted annual average or a measure of daytime maximum temperatures. The largest monthly increases were shared by January / December, each with a difference of +2.37 °C. These figures describe differences between the two reference periods, not a continuous change through the years.

Changes in rainfall

Mean daily rainfall increased by an average difference of +0.41 mm/day across calendar months compared with the earlier reference period. This unweighted mean summarizes monthly means rather than annual rainfall totals. The strongest monthly increase was in November, with a difference of +1.47 mm/day, while October had the largest decrease, a difference of -0.81 mm/day. The contrasting monthly differences show why the overall average should not be read as applying to every month; these are mean daily amounts, not monthly totals.

Changes in sunshine duration

Mean daily sunshine duration had an average difference of -0.13 hours/day across calendar months, indicating a lower unweighted average of monthly means in the more recent period. This is not a day-weighted annual average, nor does it imply the same change in every month. The largest monthly decrease occurred in March, with a difference of -0.61 hours/day; in December, sunshine instead recorded the largest monthly increase, a difference of +0.33 hours/day. These period comparisons describe mean daily hours, not a continuous trend.

Changes in snowfall

Mean daily snowfall averaged across calendar months had a difference of -0.09 mm/day, a lower unweighted mean of monthly means in the more recent period. The monthly pattern was not uniform: January recorded the largest decrease, with a difference of -1.24 mm/day, while February had the largest increase, a difference of +0.25 mm/day. These are differences in mean daily amounts between reference periods, not monthly snowfall totals; the average does not establish that snowfall changed in the same way in every month.